In a medium bowl, beat the butter, brown sugar, and cinnamon together until smooth and spreadable.
Line a 9x13-inch metal baking pan with parchment paper.
On a lightly floured surface, roll the dough into a 21x15-inch rectangle.
Spread the cinnamon sugar filling evenly over the dough.
Dollop the caramel over the filling and gently spread it into an even layer.
Use a pizza cutter to cut the dough into twelve 1 3/4-inch strips.
Roll each strip away from you and place it in the prepared pan.
Cover with plastic wrap and let rise in a warm place for 1 to 2 hours, or until doubled in size. The rolls should look puffy, the sides should just be touching, and the dough should feel airy with tiny bubbles beneath the surface.
Near the end of the rise, preheat the oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit.
Bake for 30 to 40 minutes, or until the center roll reaches 185 degrees Fahrenheit on an instant-read thermometer.